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花了一個上午的時間研究nginx+tomcat的負(fù)載均衡測試，集群環(huán)境搭建比較順利，但是session同步的問題折騰了幾個小時才搞定，現(xiàn)把我的過程貼上來，以備用。
軟件及環(huán)境是：
虛擬機(jī)上裝centos 5.5
IP為：192.168.0.51 裝上nginx和tomcat 6.0.32 命名為 Tomcat1
一臺win7上裝tomcat 6.0.32 IP為：192.168.0.50 命名為 Tomcat2

首先裝nginx，我是參照http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/ 配了一個Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）環(huán)境，然后再加上Tomcat的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
我的nginx.conf 修改如下

#######################################################################
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# This is the main Nginx configuration file.
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# More information about the configuration options is available on
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# * the English wiki - http://wiki.nginx.org/Main
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# * the Russian documentation - http://sysoev.ru/nginx/
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#######################################################################
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# Main Module - directives that cover basic functionality
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpMainModule
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

user nginx;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

worker_processes 8;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# Events Module
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpEventsModule
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

events {

worker_connections 10240;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# HTTP Core Module
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpCoreModule
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

http {

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

default_type application/octet-stream;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

client_header_buffer_size 32k;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

large_client_header_buffers 4 32K;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

client_max_body_size 8m;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

sendfile on;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

tcp_nopush on;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#keepalive_timeout 0;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

keepalive_timeout 65;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#gzip on;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_min_length 1k;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_buffers 4 16k;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_http_version 1.1;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_comp_level 2;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

gzip_vary on;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

upstream tserver {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

server 192.168.0.51:8080 weight=1;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

server 192.168.0.50:8080 weight=1;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

# The default server
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

server {

listen 80;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

server_name _;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#charset koi8-r;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

{

root /www/ROOT;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

fastcgi_index index.php;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

include fcgi.conf;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

location ~ .(jsp|jspx|do|htm)?$ {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_set_header Host $host;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_pass http://tserver;#轉(zhuǎn)向tomcat處理
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

location ~ (/dwr/)? {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_set_header Host $host;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

proxy_pass http://tserver;#轉(zhuǎn)向tomcat處理
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

location / {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

root /www/ROOT;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

index index.html index.jsp default.jsp index.do default.do;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

error_page 404 /404.html;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

location = /404.html {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

root /www/ROOT;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

location = /50x.html {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

root /www/ROOT;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#location ~ .php$ {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#location ~ .php$ {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# root html;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# fastcgi_index index.php;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# include fastcgi_params;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# concurs with nginx's one
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

#location ~ /.ht {
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

# deny all;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

}

下一步是配置Tomcat集群。分別打開tomcat1和tomcat2下conf中server.xml
< Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
< !-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
< Connector port="8080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
< !-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
< Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />

找到<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
Tomcat1下的修改為<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
Tomcat2下的修改為<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2">

tomcat1找到
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
修改為

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

channelSendOptions="6">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<!--

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

mapSendOptions="6"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

-->

<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

address="228.0.0.5"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

bind="192.168.0.51"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

port="45564"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

frequency="500"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

dropTime="3000"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

address="192.168.0.51"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

autoBind="100"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

port="4001"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

selectorTimeout="100"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

maxThreads="6"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Sender>

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Channel>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*.gif;.*.js;.*.jpg;.*.png;.*.htm;.*.html;.*.css;.*.txt;"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Cluster>

tomcat2找到
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
修改為

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

channelSendOptions="6">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<!--

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

mapSendOptions="6"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

-->

<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

address="228.0.0.5"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

bind="192.168.0.50"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

port="45564"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

frequency="500"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

dropTime="3000"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

address="192.168.0.50"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

autoBind="100"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

port="4000"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

selectorTimeout="100"
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

maxThreads="6"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Sender>

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Channel>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*.gif;.*.js;.*.jpg;.*.png;.*.htm;.*.html;.*.css;.*.txt;"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
linux+nginx+tomcat負(fù)載均衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)session同步

</Cluster>

還需要在程序的web.xml里面</web-app>前面加入以下這句話
<distributable/>
session同步到這里設(shè)置完畢

服務(wù)器的啟動順序如下:
tomcat1 --> |tomcat2 --> |nginx
先啟動tocmat1,等tomcat1啟動完全的時候再啟動tomcat2，等兩個tocmat全啟動之后，再啟動nginx

負(fù)載的時候可以用APACHE或NGINX，如果什么都不用，兩臺一接防問了話，可能會出錯極session不同步的問題，網(wǎng)上也很多人介意不要做seeeion同步，這樣會降低機(jī)器的性能，有一個方法可以，就是NGINX的ip_hash,這樣至少可以保證客戶端去防問同一臺TOCMAT，除非那臺TOCMAT掛了